'Find out Spanish' Lesson and the Past Participle
The Past Participle
In this Spanish lesson we will learn the Past Participle and its diverse uses. Though this lesson is really briefer than past lessons, the Past Participle is extremely essential if you want to understand how to speak Spanish. Its formation is rather simple. As in English, the Past Participle in Spanish is a central element in most topics of discussion.
In general, the Past Participle is very best understood as obtaining 4 distinct uses that contain past and present actions, and adjectives. Despite the fact that this range in usage appears broad, understanding every particular use can be learned and applied rather very easily with practice.
The Past Participle is rather simple to form. For -ar verbs, an -ado chicken coop buy is added to the verb's stem.
For example:
The stem of the verb hablar (to speak) is habl. With this in thoughts, an checken coops -ado is added to habl to form the Past Participle for hablar: hablado.
The formation of the Past Participle for -er and -ir verbs parallel this pattern. Nonetheless, an -ido is added to the er or ir verb's stem.
For instance:
In the situation of the verb beber (to drink), its stem is beb. An -ido is then added to beb to form its Past Participle: bebido.
Similarly, to form the Past Participle for salir (to go out) an -ido is added to its stem, sal. Its Past Participle is: salido.
With the Past Participle's simple format in thoughts, what follows are examples of it for each standard and irregular verbs:
Examples of the Typical Past Participle:
Infinitive Past Participle
estar (to be) estado
bailar (to dance) bailado
cenar (to consume supper) cenado
almorzar (to eat lunch) almorzado
desayunar (to consume breakfast) desayunado
limpiar (to clean) limpiado
dar (to give) dado
llorar (to cry) llorado
lloviznar (to drizzle) lloviznado
tener (to have) tenido
creer (to think) creido
leer (to read) leido
querer (to want, to love) querido
partir (to leave) partido
ir (to go) ido
vivir (to reside) vivido
dormir (to sleep) dormido
Examples of the Irregular Past Participle:
Infinitive Past Participle
poner (to put) puesto
ver (to see) visto
volver (to return) vuelto
resolver (to resolve) resuelto
escribir (to write) escrito
abrir (to open) abierto
hacer (to make) hecho
satisfacer (to satisfy) satisfecho
morir (to die) muerto
decir (to say) dicho
cubrir (to cover) cubierto
The four primary uses of the Past Participle are as follows:
1. The Past Participle is often employed in compound tenses with the auxiliary verb haber (to have). We have observed this use in the Lesson on the Present Perfect Tense. In the Present Perfect Tense the past participle of the sentence's main verb is added to haber to express a past action that has not completely elapsed.
Let's briefly assessment this use:
Juana ha estado en su cuarto todo el da.
(Juana has been in her room all day)
He querido ir a California.
(I have wanted to go to California.)
Mario ha vivido en Bogot.
(Mario has lived in Bogot.)
two. The Past Participle is employed for the passive voice and normally follows the verbs ser or estar (to be). When the Past Participle reflects the passive voice, it ought to agree with the subject's gender and quantity.
For example:
El pap de Diego est herido.
(Diego's father is hurt.)
La hermana de Rogelio est cansada.
(Rogelio's sister is tired.)
three. At occasions, the verbs llevar and tener are employed as an alternative of the verb haber in compound tenses (as in the Present Perfect Tense). When this happens, the Past Participle need to agree with the attribute's gender and quantity. Although this use may seem awkward, believe of it as forming an alternative expression for indefinite past actions.
For example:
Tengo hecha la comida.
(I have made the food.)
Juan lleva pagada la cuenta.
(Juan has paid the verify.)
4. The Past Participle can also be employed as an adjective. Hold in mind that for this use, the Past Participle acts as an adjective and should agree in gender and quantity with the noun.
For example:
Un vestido hecho a mano
(A dress produced by hand)
Un hombre educado
(An educated man)
Un beb mimado
(A spoiled baby)
Now lets attempt a couple of workouts. Translate the following into Spanish. The answers comply with the exercise.
1. An opened door
2. A cleaned room
three. We have spoken.
four. Juan has cooked.
five. A cooked chicken
6. Roberta's brother is tired.
7. Juana's mother is educated.
8. Marcos has created the dessert.
9. ftp web storage She has opened the door.
10. Have you observed Milagros?
1. Una puerta abierta
2. Un cuarto limpiado
3. Hemos hablado.
4. Juan ha cocinado.
five. Un pollo cocinado
6. El hermano de Roberta est cansado.
7. La madre de Juana es educada.
8. Marcos tiene hecho el postre.
9. Ella ha abierto la puerta.
ten. Has visto a Milagros?
