Biological Evolution in a Changing Environment - Towards an Engineering Hypothesis

I speculated before that the fertilised ovum prior to zygote development is a possible system for genetic or organic mutations [three]. In the fertilised ovum the biochemical 'fusion' of the male and woman pronuclei will take area by means of a organic spindle and vitality transfer to/from the atmosphere, top to the generation of the zygote genome. Assuming that the biochemical reactions involved in the fusion procedure are considerably-from-equilibrium in relation to the atmosphere, we may possibly be in a position to implement the chaos idea of the renowned thermodynamicist Ilya Prigogine, as follows.

In engineering conditions we can outline a organic technique as a shut method that interacts with the setting (surroundings) by indicates of mass transfer (e.g. through a cell membrane) and/or strength transfer (e.g. operate done by or on the environment). Prigogine and co-employees proved that in some situations a closed system can exhibit chaotic conduct when it exists in a far-from-equilibrium condition relative to environmental situations (i.e. when there is a big thermodynamic driving force for mass and/or strength transfer amongst the technique and the environment). Theoretical developments in the discipline of non-equilibrium thermodynamics expose that sophisticated, ordered chemical buildings can be made in these kinds of programs [four]. It follows that the chemical construction of the zygote genome fashioned in the fertilised ovum might be dependent upon environmental conditions. Any variation in the environmental conditions would result in altered complexity or composition of the zygote genome.

In summary, it is proposed that the fusion of the male and woman pronuclei in the fertilised ovum is a chaotic process in accordance with Ilya Prigogine's concept. The reordering of parental genes into the zygote genome is sensitive to environmental conditions any variation in environmental situations results in altered chemical complexity or composition. This is a all-natural method of organic mutation in which the surroundings performs a immediate position, in contrast to Darwin's theory of normal assortment.

References[1] Graham Lawton, "Why Darwin was wrong about the tree of life", New Scientist, Concern 2692, 21 Jan 2009[2] Valerie Brown, "Atmosphere grow to be heredity", Miller-McCune, fourteen July 2008[three] M. Sahibzada, "Evolution by normal design - the merging of father or mother genes in the fertilised ovum", Ezine Content articles, nine July 2007[four] D. Kondepudi and I. Prigogine, "Present day Thermodynamics: From Heat Engines to Dissipative Structures", Chichester: John Wiley, 1998

Several people in the scientific neighborhood are questioning Darwin's idea of evolution by organic choice. No one can dispute Darwin's contributions to our understanding of evolution as a phenomenon, but there is growing skepticism about the theory or procedure - natural assortment - by which evolution is said to get area. The idea of natural choice entails two separate procedures, i.e. the mutation approach (by which a genetic or, far more broadly, a biological mutation takes place) and the variety process (which takes location later on, and determines whether or not the mutated organism survives the challenges of a shifting atmosphere). In this circumstance the surroundings plays a position in the choice approach and not the mutation process. In engineering conditions we can outline a organic program as a closed system that interacts with the setting (environment) by signifies real estate agent in las vegas of mass transfer (e.g.