~Delete 9045: различия между версиями

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Four years ago President Obama unveiled his vision of 1 million plug-in vehicles on U.S. roads by the 2015 and pumped $5 billion into funding for electric cars. In February the Obama admiration proposed the tax credit for plug-in vehicle be increased from $7,500 to $10,000 and also extend the credit to other alternative vehicles like natural gas.
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This growth peaked in 2002 with 19 U.S. OEM vehicle manufacturers participating in producing and retrofitting NG vehicles. This activity virtually died by late 2006, leaving only 1 OEM left: the Honda GX. This 'death' in NGV growth can be blamed on over regulation and the linkage between EPA Certified vehicles and tax incentives and rebates which stunted the aftermarket conversion industry.
  
In response to the higher demand from motorist, Honda began showing it's Honda Civic GX natural gas vehicle in car showrooms across the country, where previously it had only been marketed as a fleet vehicle. It is currently the only NGV sedan on the market. Honda says the marketing is paying off big for them, and sales of the vehicle are continuing to break new monthly highs. Although the choices are few for compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles, it should be pointed out that conventional gasoline and diesel vehicles can be retrofitted for CNG. If natural gas is available at your home you can install a pumping station inside your garage.
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This growth, then death, proves two things:
  
CNG is safe or at least safer than gasoline, Although CNG is flammable, it has a narrow flammability range, and if released by accident it quickly disperses making it less likely to ignite than gasoline. CNG is also non-toxic, it dissipates when released and will not leak to contaminate soil and water supplies.
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1.) When there is a need, there are CNG system and parts manufacturing companies that are willing to fill that need with products, and
  
The natural gas used in vehicles is classified into two types compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas(LNG). According to fueleconomy.gov "eighty-seven percent of the natural gas consumed in the U.S.is also produced here; which greatly reduces are dependency on foreign imports. It is 60%-90% less polluting than traditional fuels. With 30%-40% less greenhouse gas emissions and is less expensive than gasoline. At the present time the main disadvantages of CNG vehicles is the lack of facilities available to pump the gas, fewer miles to the tank and few choice available by auto makers.
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2.) When an industry becomes unprofitable due to over-regulation - or the gasoline-natural gas price differential is insufficient to payback the conversion cost - those same manufacturing companies will take their products elsewhere.
  
All gas vehicles depend on fossil fuel. The natural gas obtained from drilling is a fossil fuel and while no fossil fuels are considered to be renewable resources because of the millions of years needed for the earth to produce them; natural gas is primarily methane and methane gas can be produced as a renewable resource. Methane gas is currently being collected from landfills and produced from rotting vegetation and animal manure.
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Gasoline Prices as an incentive.
  
CNG vehicles are cheaper to operate than conventional vehicles and burn cleaner than gasoline vehicles. Electric vehicles running on electricity alone put out "0" emissions at the tail pipe, but the electricity providing that power is generated at power plants running off fossil fuels. The U.S. Department of Energy states that "PHEVs (plugin hybrid electric vehicles) and EVs (electric vehicles) typically have a well-to-wheel emissions advantage over similar conventional vehicles running on gasoline or diesel.
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Between 2005 and 2007, the price of gasoline nationwide fluctuated between a low of $2.11 gallon to a high of $3.11 in May of 2007. It then went down to $2.70 by October of that year and then started its 8-month climb to a high of $4.19 by June of 2008. After this historical peak, it then dropped like a rock to $1.39 by December 2008. Since then, it has slowly climbed back up to $3.75 as of April 2011.
  
However, in communities that depend heavily on conventional fossil fuels for their electricity generation, PEVs (Plugin Electric Vehicles) may not demonstrate a well-to-wheel emissions benefit."
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CNG fuel prices as an incentive
  
The switch from diesel to CNG is the larger trend for cities and municipalities across the country. The U.S Department of Transportation provides grants for upgrading mass transit and many cities are already using those dollars to advance their fleets over to CNG vehicles.
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CNG fuel price histories are harder to find so I will rely on my own (faulty) memory. When I started looking into CNG conversions in 2008, the price of CNG here in Utah was $0.68 a GGE (gasoline gallon equivalent). It seems like at that same time Oklahoma also had low CNG prices also. In Utah, we had the advantage of having some CNG refueling infrastructure already in place. Those areas that had low CNG prices, along with the filling stations already in place, became hotbeds of conversion activity during the first part of 2008.
  
[http://community.babycenter.com/journal/battle38gauge/9874345/compressed_natural_gas distribution natural gas pipelines], [http://www.awebcafe.com/blogs/viewstory/1023411 What is actually Compressed Natural Gas?], [http://www.ourfetishspace.adulgence.com/?L=blogs.blog&article=185431 What is Compressed Natural Gas?]
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These conversion activities led to CNG conversion shops opening and CNG systems being imported. Just as a few systems started to become available the price of gasoline fell (as stated above) and the budding interest in CNG conversions dropped off.
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The death knell for the after-market, Non-EPA, CNG installers in Utah was the ill-advised inclusion of the requirement that all CNG vehicles must have an EPA certified system in order to pass the yearly Utah Highway Patrol safety inspection. This rule presupposed 2 misconceptions, 1) an EPA certified CNG system would always conform to NFPA 52 safety standards, and 2) that any CNG conversion can be certified by the EPA, both of these statements are blatantly false.
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If this rule stayed in place 1000′s of CNG vehicle owners in Utah would suddenly lose the privilege of driving their vehicles. UHP safety inspections are universal in Utah. This January 2009 law change was later challenged in court ruled invalid, but the damage to the interested-public's understanding was already done. It has been suggested that this ill-advised rule was due to over-zealous local news coverage and false rumors spread by certain Conversion shops threatened by their new aftermarket competition.
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Misconceptions about CNG Conversions
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Some of the biggest problems CNG Converters, and would-be CNG Conversion customers, face is a false conception that CNG Kits are readily available here in the United States and that there is already a kit available that is tailor made for their specific vehicle. [http://heaven36second.postbit.com/dreaming-about-cng-kits.html What You Need in order to Know About Natural Gas Vehicles], [http://blog.livevideo.com/blog/what-is-compressed-natural-gas_0793EE21F3794658BF48605B5042D7C0.aspx?a=1 What You Need to Know About Natural Gas Vehicles], [http://www.ourfetishspace.adulgence.com/?L=blogs.blog&article=185431 distribution natural gas pipelines]

Версия 18:26, 4 апреля 2013

This growth peaked in 2002 with 19 U.S. OEM vehicle manufacturers participating in producing and retrofitting NG vehicles. This activity virtually died by late 2006, leaving only 1 OEM left: the Honda GX. This 'death' in NGV growth can be blamed on over regulation and the linkage between EPA Certified vehicles and tax incentives and rebates which stunted the aftermarket conversion industry.

This growth, then death, proves two things:

1.) When there is a need, there are CNG system and parts manufacturing companies that are willing to fill that need with products, and

2.) When an industry becomes unprofitable due to over-regulation - or the gasoline-natural gas price differential is insufficient to payback the conversion cost - those same manufacturing companies will take their products elsewhere.

Gasoline Prices as an incentive.

Between 2005 and 2007, the price of gasoline nationwide fluctuated between a low of $2.11 gallon to a high of $3.11 in May of 2007. It then went down to $2.70 by October of that year and then started its 8-month climb to a high of $4.19 by June of 2008. After this historical peak, it then dropped like a rock to $1.39 by December 2008. Since then, it has slowly climbed back up to $3.75 as of April 2011.

CNG fuel prices as an incentive

CNG fuel price histories are harder to find so I will rely on my own (faulty) memory. When I started looking into CNG conversions in 2008, the price of CNG here in Utah was $0.68 a GGE (gasoline gallon equivalent). It seems like at that same time Oklahoma also had low CNG prices also. In Utah, we had the advantage of having some CNG refueling infrastructure already in place. Those areas that had low CNG prices, along with the filling stations already in place, became hotbeds of conversion activity during the first part of 2008.

These conversion activities led to CNG conversion shops opening and CNG systems being imported. Just as a few systems started to become available the price of gasoline fell (as stated above) and the budding interest in CNG conversions dropped off.

The death knell for the after-market, Non-EPA, CNG installers in Utah was the ill-advised inclusion of the requirement that all CNG vehicles must have an EPA certified system in order to pass the yearly Utah Highway Patrol safety inspection. This rule presupposed 2 misconceptions, 1) an EPA certified CNG system would always conform to NFPA 52 safety standards, and 2) that any CNG conversion can be certified by the EPA, both of these statements are blatantly false.

If this rule stayed in place 1000′s of CNG vehicle owners in Utah would suddenly lose the privilege of driving their vehicles. UHP safety inspections are universal in Utah. This January 2009 law change was later challenged in court ruled invalid, but the damage to the interested-public's understanding was already done. It has been suggested that this ill-advised rule was due to over-zealous local news coverage and false rumors spread by certain Conversion shops threatened by their new aftermarket competition.

Misconceptions about CNG Conversions

Some of the biggest problems CNG Converters, and would-be CNG Conversion customers, face is a false conception that CNG Kits are readily available here in the United States and that there is already a kit available that is tailor made for their specific vehicle. What You Need in order to Know About Natural Gas Vehicles, What You Need to Know About Natural Gas Vehicles, distribution natural gas pipelines